American National Standard for

Personal protection --------

Protective footwear

1    General requirements for all types of protective footwear ---- impact and compression

1.1    Scope. Section 1. Provides performance requirements and test methods for new protective footwear that is designed primarily to protect the toes of the wearer.

1.2    Purpose. The purpose of these performance requirements is to prevent the occurrence or reduce the severity of the injuries to those exposed to hazards.

1.3    Definitions

Insole: the inner part of footwear rests and which conforms to the bottom of the last.

Last: A solid form in the general shape of a foot and around which footwear is constructed.

Lining: AN all-inclusive term used to describe the various lining used for the inside of the upper part of the footwear.

Outsole and heel: the bottom surface of footwear. The part that is exposed to wear.

Product category: a description of a type of footwear manufactured to a specific design characteristic.

Protective footwear: AS used in this standard, the term means footwear designed, constructed and manufactured, which a protective toe cap, that is specifically designed and manufactured to meet the performance requirements of this standard. However, Protective footwear may include other types of protection for the user, such as protective footwear manufactured with metatarsal guards, electrostatic dissipative footwear, conductive footwear, electrical hazard footwear (electric shock resistant soles and hells) and sole puncture resistant footwear.

Protective toe cap: A device designed to provide toe protection for the wearer as required by this standard.

Quarter: the entire back portion of the footwear upper.

Shall: the term “shall” means mandatory.

Should: the term “shall” means advisory.

Size: the length and breadth measurement of footwear based on the American system of grading.

Upper: the upper parts of the footwear, including the outside and the lining.

Vamp: the complete forepart of the footwear upper back to the quarter.

1.4            General Requirements

1.4.1            Description. Protective footwear is intended to protection for the toes against external forces through the use of a protective toe cap, which is incorporated in the footwear. The protective toe cap shall be incorporated into the footwear during construction and shall be an integral part of the footwear.

This standard does not consider the use of after market “hang-on” or “strap-on” toe appliances, toe caps or metatarsal guard appliances or other devices as an acceptable means for providing adequate protection under ANZI Z42-1999 Any protective toe cap or metatarsal guard must be designed, constructed and manufactured into the shoe during the manufacturing process and tested as an integral part of the footwear.

1.4.2        Material and workmanship

1.4.2.1  Footwear Material. Protective footwear shall be constructed of materials suitable for its intended exposure and shall provide protection comfort and wearability.

1.4.2.2  workmanship. The workmanship in the production and the assembly of the footwear and the protective toe cap shall conform to industry practices in every respect.

1.4.2.3  Tolerances. Commercial tolerances in applicable fields shall be acceptable.

1.4.3            Performance Requirements. When tested accordance with the provisions of 1.4.4 and 1.4.5, the compression resistance and the impact resistance shall comply with the specified performance requirements.

1.4.3.1 Different Types. When a particular product category of footwear has been tested and classified for compression and impact resistance, no further tests shall be required, Re-qualification testing shall be required for those product category changes to footwear that are apt to change results in the test are of the footwear, this test area is forward of a plane located 1 inch (25.4mm) behind the back edge of the protective toe cap.

This includes changes in
(1)   protective toe cap material or design
(2)   Method of construction of the footwear
(3)   Thickness (greater than 25 percent) of materials used the upper, sole or insole portions of the footwear

(4)   Shape of last

1.4.3.2 Classifications. Protective footwear shall be classified in accordance with Table 1 for its ability to meet compression resistance and impact resistance requirements. The proper classification shall be determined by the results of the test of three specimens each requirement.

The lowest recorded compression resistance of the three test specimens (1.4.4.5) or the lowest of the three recorded impact result of the three test specimens (1.4.5.6) will determine the classification of the footwear being tested, for example, if a product category is tested to meet Class 50 for impact, and Class 75 for compression, the rating of the footwear shall be I/50 C/50.

Table 1--- Minimum Requirements

1.4.4 compression tests

1.4.4.1 compression testing Equipment. Any type of compression testing machine may be used, provided it is equipped with smooth steel compression test surfaces that will remain parallel during the appolication of loads up to 10,000pounds (44,482N). The pressure head shall have a diameter of not less than 3 inches (76.2mm), and the bed plate shall be at least 0.5inches (12.7mm) wider than the shoe sole width at the back edge of the protective toe. The testing machine shall be capable of measuring compressive loads of within ±50 pounds (±222.4N) for s range between 1,000pounds (4,4448N) and 10,000pounds (44,482N).

  Note: the bed plate may be built up using parallel shims with a bearing surface wider than the sole to provide clearance for the feeler gage. This will prevent interference between the end of the feeler gage and the insole surface behind the protective toe being tested.

1.4.4.2 compression test specimens. Three test specimens of each product category shall be prepared from finished, unwom men’s size 9D 9men’s size 9 medium-width), footwear, or women’s size 8B(women’s size 8medium-width) footwear. These specimens shall be selected at random from stock.

1.4.4.3 preparation of compression specimens.

The test specimens shall be obtained by cutting completely through the footwear across the width. The cut shall be located 1 inch ±0.125 inch (25.4mm±3.2mm) behind the back edge of the protective toe cap as shown in figure 1.

1.4.4.4 compression testing procedure

1.4.4.4.1 placement of the test specimens.

The toe portion of the specimen shall be positioned on the bed plate of the machine so that the highest point of the protective toe cap in on the loading axis of the machine.

1.4.4.4.2 application of Load. Of the test load shall be applied at a rate of approximately 50pounds per second (222.4N) after a load of 500 pounds (2,224n) is reached.

1.4.4.4.3 test Gauges. A cylindrical feeler gauge made from ground and polished steel drill rod shall be used to determine when the compressive load has reduced the clearance between the insole and the center point of the arch of the protective toe cap to the minimum clearance specified in Table 1. the feeler gauge shall be 3 inches±0.0625 inch (76.2mm±1.6mm) long.

The diameter of the feeler gauge for testing men’s footwear shall be 0.500inch ±0.005inch (12.7mm±0.127mm) and for testing women’s footwear shall be 0.469inch ±0.005inch (11.9mm±0.127mm). See figure2.

1.4.4.4.4. Use of test Gauge. The gauge shall be held between the thumb and the index finger, then placed on the insole and moved forward and backward under the center of the protective toe cap as the compressive load is increased. The compression resistance of the test specimen shall be reported as the compressive load that first prevents movement of the feeler gauge either forward or backward when firm thumb and index finger pressure is being exerted the gauge.

1.4.4.5 compression test results. The lowest recorded compression resistance of the three specimens tested in this manner shall determine the compression resistance and the compression classification for that design of footwear, see table.

1.4.5        Impact tests

1.4.5.1      Impact testing Equipment. (See Figure 3) the impact shall be a steel weigh weighing 50.0 pounds ±0.5 pound (22.7kg ±0.23kg). The of the impact shall consist of a steel cylinder 1.00 inch ±0.03inch (25.4mm±0.8mm) in diameter and at least 2inches (50.8mm) long. The nose shall terminate in a smooth spherical surface with a 1,000 inch ±0.005inch (25.4mm±0.127mm) radius. The longitudinal centerline of the nose of the impactor shall be parallel to and coincident within 0.125inch (3.175mm) of the vertical axis if the symmetry of the impactor. The impactor shall be constrained to fall along a known and repeatable path. The guide or guides shall be vertical (and, in the case of double guide systems, parallel) to within .0.027 inches per foot (2.25mm/m). A means of verifying the impact velocity to within 2 percent shall be incorporated. Verification of the impact velocity to ±2 percent shall be accomplished by a velocity metering system¹. Normally, the speed is measured by determining the time required for a 1-inch (25.4mm) wide blade, attached to the object, to pass through a beam of light. The time is called “gate time “ and is read out directly in milliseconds. The speed in inches per second may then be calculated by the formula:

Velocity in inches             1000

Per second        =   Gate time in milliseconds

In setting up for the test, it is impact to adjust the blade position. The blade must have passed completely through the velometer light beam by 0.06 inches ± 0.03 inches (1.5mm±0.8mm) before the impactor strikes the test specimens. The base of the impact test machines shall be a steel plate not less than 1foot (0.3m) square and 1inch (25.4mm) thick. The steel plate shall be rigidly attached to and in intimate contact with a backup mass of at least 2,000 pounds (909.1kg). The backup mass shall be if concrete or a material of equal or greater density, at least 2feet (0.6m) square and 3 inches thick.

1.4.5.4 impact testing procedure. The specimen shall be placed on the machine base plate so that the sole is parallel with the base. The specimen shall be positioned so that the longitudinal center of the nose of the impactor strikes the approximate center of the protective toe cap (steel or non-metallic) 0.5 inch ±0.0625 inch (13.0mm±1.5mm) in front of the back edge of the protective toe cap as shown in figure 4. The.

1.4.5.2      Impact test specimens, three test specimens of each product category shall be prepared from finished, unworn men’s size 9D (men’s size 9 medium –width) footwear, or women’s size 8B(women’s size 8 medium-width) footwear, selected at random from stock.

1.4.5.3      Preparation of impact test specimens.

The test specimens shall be obtained by cutting completely through the footwear across the width. The cut shall be located 1 inch ±0.125inch (25.4mm±3.2mm) behind the back edge of the protective toe cap as shown in figure 4.

1.4.5.4  Impact testing procedure. The specimen shall be placed on the machine base plate so that the sole is parallel with the base. The specimen shall be positioned so that the longitudinal center of the nose of the impact strikes the approximate center of the protective toe cap (steel or non-metallic) 0.5inch ±0.0625inch (13.0mm±1.5mm) in front of the back edge of the protective toe cap as shown in figure 4. The specimen shall be held in position during impact by the use of the clamping device shown in figure 5. The stabilizing fork, which rests on the insole and/or insole insert, shall be adjusted by means of the adjusting screw to be parallel to the base plate to prevent movement of the specimen upon impact. The clamping screw shall be tightened by applying a torque not exceeding 25 inch-pounds (2.8N-M.)
1.4.5.5 determination of Clearance.minimum
Clearance during impact shall be determined by pacing a lump if modeling clay formed as a vertical cylinder under the impact zone of the protective toe cap (see figure 5) a small piece of waxed or cellophane placed on the ends of the cylinder may prevent the clay from adhering to the insole or the lining, the clay shall be shaped with fingers to make contact with the dome of the protective toe cap and with the insole. When in place, the diameter of the clay cylinder shall not exceed 1 inch (25.4mm).
After impact, the clay cylinder shall be carefully removed from the specimen. Using an outside caliper, measure the height of the clay cylinder at its lowest point to at least the nearest 1/32 inch (0.794mm). this thickness measurement shall be reported as the impact clearance the specimen.
1.4.5.5  Impact test results. Class 1/75 footwear shall retain the clearance as specified under a nominal impact of 75 foot-pounds (101.7J) the impactor shall be dropped from a height that provides an impact velocity of 117.9±2.4 inches per second (2995±61.0mm/second). In a vacuum, the distance would be 18inches 9457mm). However, due to friction and air resistance. The height used for the test will be somewhat greater.
Class 1/50 footwear shall retain the clearance as specified under a normal impact of 50 foot-pounds (67.8J). The impact shall be dropped from a height that provides an impact velocity of 96±1.9inches per second (2438±48.3mm/second). In a vacuum, the distance would be 12inches (305mm). However, due to friction and air resistance. The height used for the test will be somewhat greater.
Class 1/30 footwear shall retain the clearance as specified under a nominal impact of 30 foot-pounds (40.7J). The impact shall be dropped from a height that provides an impact velocity of 74.4inches ±1.5inches per second (1899mm±38.1mm/sec).in a vacuum. The distance would be 7.25 inches (184mm). However, due to friction and air resistance, the height used for the test will be somewhat greater.
Three specimens of each product category shall be tested as specified. When the clearance at the moment of maximum deflection is inch (12.7mm) or greater for men’s footwear and 15/32inch (11.9mm) or greater for women’s footwear for each of the three specimens tested, the protective footwear will have passed the test and shall be classified accordingly. See table 1.
1.5      Identification
1.5.1 description .the identification of all protective footwear as meeting the requirements of this standard shall follow a consistent pattern. One half pair shall be clearly and legibly identified in letters and numbers not less than 0.125 inch (3.175mm) high. The identification shall be either a stitched-in, stamped, or pressure-sensitized label or a combination of these methods. The identification shall be enclosed in a border and be placed on the inside or outside surface of either the tongue, gusset, shaft or quarter lining.²
Note: in conjunction with this ANSI Z41-1999 revision, an ANSI Z41 selection Guide has been published to provide additional information regarding protective footwear.
1.5.2 line one
1.5.2.1 line 1of the label shall identify the shoes as complying with section 1 of this standard by displaying the following:
   ANSI Z41 PT
The letters “PT” signify the protective section.
15.2.2. Two additional digits following PT shall be used to designate the year of the standard to which the protective footwear complies. For example, line 1 might read:
         ANSI Z41 PT 99 
1.5.3 line Two. Line 2 of the label shall identify the applicable gender and the applicable impact and compression ratings of the products as follows:
(1)   Identification for gender:
F-female; M-male
(2)   Identification for impact:
(3)   Identification for impact rating:/75 or /50or /30(4)   Identification for compression:
C(5)   Identification for compression rating;/75 or /50or /30For example, line 2 of female protective toe footwear with an impact rating of 75 and compression rating of 75 would be identified as  F1/75 C/75
1.5.4 line three and four
1.5.4.1 lines 3 and 4 shall be used to reference additional sections in this standard. Section references shall be in numerical order.
1.5.4.2 line 4 shall only be used when more than three sections of this standard apply to any one pair of protective footwear:
1.5.4.3 the section titles, numbers, abbreviations, ratings and types shall be as shown I table 2.
 Table 2 identification codes

For example, if several sections apply, lines 3and 4 might read (from left to right)
(1)   Line 3;Mt/75 EH
(2)   Line 4: PR
Examples of a few of the many possible combinations are given in table 3.
  Table 3- examples of identification

1.5.5        ANSI Z41 label
1.5.5.1  The ANSI Z41label as defined in the standard indicates that the protective footwear bearing this label meets or exceeds the ANSI Z41 standard requirement for that product category.
1.5.5.2       Responsibility of manufacturer and/or supplier. The manufacturer and /or supplier of the protective footwear bearing the ANSI Z41 label shall maintain documentation to identify the product category sampled for testing. A report of tests performed, test results, date and independent testing facility used. Any production code, if maintained, shall include information to identify the product category sampled for testing, a report of tests performed, test results, date and testing facility.
1.5.5.2.1        Responsibility of testing facility.
The independent testing facility of record shall maintain verifiable documentation to identify the product category of protective footwear sampled for testing bearing the ANSI Z41 label, a report of tests performed, test results, date tested, and the manufacture and /or supplier of the product category tested.
1.5.5.2.2        ANSI Z41 compliance requirements.
 The manufacturer and /or of protective footwear bearing the ANSI Z41label that is found to be in noncompliance with the requirements of the standard is liable for immediate disqualification from using the ANSI Z41 label for that product category.
2            Metatarsal footwear
2.1 General
2.1.1 scope. Section 2 provides performance requirements and test methods for protective footwear designed primarily to protect the wearer’s metatarsal are and toes.
2.1.2 purpose. The purpose of these performance requirements is to prevent or reduce the severity of injury to the metatarsal and toe areas of persons exposed to hazards.
This standard does not consider the use of after market, “hang-on” or “strap-on” toe appliances, toe cap or metatarsal guard appliances or other devices as an acceptable means for providing adequate protection under ANSI Z41-1999. Any protective toe cap or metatarsal guard must be designed, constructed and manufactured into the protective footwear during the manufacturing process and tested as an integral part of the footwear.
2.2 classifications. Metatarsal protective footwear shall first be classified by its ability to meet the requirements of section 1 (as detailed in 1.4.3.2), there shall be three classifications (1) Mt75, 92) Mt50, (3) Mt30. the lowest metatarsal test result in conjunction with the lowest recorded result for impact or compression will determine the rating for footwear being tested. For example, if a product category is tested to meet class 75 for impact, class 75 compression, and class50for metatarsal, the rating of the footwear shall be I/50 C/50 Mt/50.
2.3 impact testing
2.3.1 equipment. The test equipment (see figure 6and 7) shall be the same as described in 1.4.5.1 except that the striking surface shall be s bar measuring 1inch ±0.020 inch (25.4mm±5.0mm) in diameter and 6inches ±0.125 inch (152mm±3mm) in length. The striking bar shall be horizontal; Verification of the impact velocity shall be conducted in the same manner as described in 1.4.5.1.
2.3.2 impact test result. Class 75fotwesar shall retain the specified clearance under a nominal impact of 75footpounds (101.7J). The impact shall be impactor shall be dropped form a height that provides an impact velocity of 117.9±2.4 inches per second (2996±61.0mm/sec). In a vacuum, the distance would be 18 inches (457mm). However, due to friction and air resistance, the height used for the test will be somewhat greater.
Class 50footwear shall retain the specified clearance under a nominal impact of 50 foot- pounds (67.8J).the impactor shall be dropped from a height that provides an impact velocity of 96±1.9inches per second (2438.4±48.3mm/sec). In a vacuum, the distance would be 12 inches (305mm). However, due to friction and air resistance, the height used for the test will be somewhat greater. Class 30footwear shall retain the specified clearance under a nominal impact of 30foot-pounds (40.7J) the impacor shall be dropped from a height that provides an impact velocity of 74.4±1.5 inches per second (1890±38.1mm/sec). In a vacuum, the distance would be 7.25 inches be 7.25 inches (184mm). However, due to friction and air resistance, the height used for the test will be somewhat greater.
2.3.3 point of impact. The striking bar shall strike the sample to be tested at right angles to the heel-toe axes at a point for men’s footwear 3.50 inches (89mm) back of the front of the toe above the sole line. For women’s test samples, the measurement shall be 3.375 inches (86mm). See figure8.
2.4    Test footwear. Three unworn and untested samples, men’s size 9D (man’s size 9 medium width) footwear or women’s size 8B(woman’s size 8 medium width) footwear, of each product category to be tested, 9 unworn samples representing production shall be selected at random from stock. For Mt footwear. The requirement will be 3 impact,3 compression and 3metatarsal, the footwear and the wax test forms , prepared in accordance with 2.6, shall be kept at a temperature between 65℉and 85℉918℃and 29℃)for a period of not less than 12 hours prior to testing, this shall be done to allow the footwear and the wax test forms the opportunity of reacting equilibrium conditions.
2.5    Preparation of test footwear. A wax from conforming to the test sample shall be fully inserted in the sample. A heel block shall be inserted and wedged behind the wax form in such a manner as to completer fill the cavity between the wax form and the shoe counter. The footwear shall be oriented for testing in the manner in which it is normally worn.
2.6    Preparation and metatarsal Guard wax test froms
2.6.1 formula. The wax for the test forms is prepared from a mixture of paraffin (wax a melting point of 122℉to 127℉(50.0℃to 52.8℃)and beeswax in a ration of 5:1, which means 5 part paraffin to 1 part beeswax. A working batch sufficient to fill two molds can be prepared from 5pounds (2.25kg) of paraffin and 1 pound (0.45kg) of beeswax, as shown in table 4.  
Table 4-test form wax formula

2.6.2 Equipment. The following equipment is needed for the wax forms:
(1)   Air- circulating oven
(2)   Scale
(3)   Mixer (variable speed)
(4)   Wire cage stirrer (single agitator)
(5)   Mixing kettles
(6)   Molds
(7)   Refrigerator
(8)   Tape (plastic preferred)
The tape functions as a handle to aid in the removal of the wax form the sample after impact.
2.6.3 processing. Combine the paraffin wax and the beeswax in a mixing kettle, place kettle in the oven and heat to 185℉(85℃),remove the kettle from the oven and stir at low speed )approximately 60 rpm) until the mixture cools to 140℉(60℃) (wax crystals form ). Continue to stir at medium speed (approximately 440 rpm) until a light foam result (usually takes about 5 minutes).
Pour into molds. Insert a 9 inch (228mm) length of tape at the top (flat end )about 0.5icch (13mm)from the bottom edge, 6inches (152mm) deep into the wax foot, making certain that the tape does not penetrate any outside surface . cool the molds in the refrigerator until the wax is solid (approximately 50℉ to 60℉(10℃to 15.5℃).Remove the forms from the molds.
2.7      Testing procedures
2.7.1 the footwear shall be place on the testing machine base plate so that the sole bottom is resting on the base, and located so that the point of contact of the striking bar is 3.50 inches (89mm) back from the front point of the toe of the men’s footwear sample and 3.375 inches (86mm) for the women’s footwear sample (see figure 8)
2.7.2 before testing, the striking bar shall be positioned at the impact on the metatarsal guard at the distance prescribed in 2.3.3. Following this procedure, the test shall be conducted in accordance with 2.3.2.
2.7.3 the sample footwear should be restrained to prevent movement before and during testing by use of a metatarsal restrainer such as the apparatus shown in figure 6adn 7.
2.8      Test t results
2.8.1 following the test, the wax form shall be carefully removed, and a measurement taken at the point of primary impact on the wax form. This measurement shall be taken from the lowest point of the indentation perpendicular to the bottom surface of the form; there shall be a minimum of 1inch (25.4mm) for men and 15/16 inch (25.4mm) for women.
2.8.2 because of the nature of the wax test from material, cracking may occur throughout the form.
2.8.3 all three samples of each product category tested shall meet the minimum requirements given in 2.8.1.
2.9identification. The identification of metatarsal protective footwear shall be as specified in 1.5.No change or substitution is permissible.
3. Conductive footwear
3.1 General
3.1.1 scope. Section 3 provides specification requirements and test methods for conductive protective footwear.
3.1.2 purpose. The purpose of the requirements of this section is to provide protection for the wearer of conductive footwear against the hazards which may result from static electricity build-up.
3.2 classifications. Conductive protective footwear is intended to protect the wearer in an environment where the accumulation of static electricity on the body is a hazard. Conductive protective footwear is designed to dissipate static electricity from to the ground to reduce the possibility of sensitive explosive mixture or volatile chemicals.
WARNING: conductive protective footwear shall not be used by personnel working near open electrical circuits and shall be worm only in environments for which they are intended.
3.3 General requirements
3.3.1 conductive protective footwear shall meet the requirements of section 3.3.2 conductive protective footwear shall be of any construction that facilitates a stable electrically conductive path. All exposed external metal parts shall be non-ferrous.
3.4 material and workmanship
3.4.1 uppers. The uppers shall be of material ALS that facilitate the performance requirements stated in this section.
3.4.2 soles heels. The soles. Heels insoles and any other layered components or compounds, e.g. insole lining, insole cushioning materials, adhesives, which are designed and constructed to be place bottom of the human foot and the tread surface of the sole and heel shall be composed of any combination of conductive materials, components and construction that will facilitate electrical conductivity and the transfer of static electricity build-up from body to ground, to meet the standard as set froth in
3.5.1.1.Any surface area of the conductive sole and heel in contact with ground shall be manufactured of a conductive compound. Washer-type heels shall not be used. The sole and heel shall be of a single unit or if the heel is a separate component from the sole, the heel shall be attached to the sole to assure permanent electrical conductivity. When heel nails are used to attach heel to sole, the heel nail shall be of non-ferrous materials in accordance with 3.3.2 the nail heads shall be recessed within the tread surface and shall be covered by conductive material (blind nailing), and shall not be exposed or visible.
3.5 conductance (electrical resistance inverse)
3.5.1 range of electrical resistance
3.5.1.1 conductive protective footwear. The electrical resistance of an unworn conductive protective footwear specimen shall range between 0 and 500.000 ohms when measure as specified in 3.5.2.
3.5.2 method of test electrical resistance of shoes
3.5.2.1 test specimens. Each sample unit for test shall consist of a single, unworn shoe, representing the product category to be tested and selected at random from stock. The sample unit shall be one shoe, and the sample size shall be as follows:Lot size
(Per product category)   Number of shoes 
800 or less                 2

801 to 22,000               3

22,001 and over             5

3.5.2.2 Apparatus.
The laboratory test apparatus shall be:1)      A 500 volt regulated DC power supply rated at 5 milliamperes or more
2)      A 100,000 ohm±10% resistor rated 2.5watts and 500 volts or more
3)      A 0 to 5 milliampere ammeter accuracy ±5% or better in one or more ranges
4)      A 0 to 500 volt voltmeter accuracy ±5% or better In one or more ranges and having an internal resistance of nominal 10 megohms or more
5)      A base electrode consisting of a stainless steel plate of sufficient size to accommodate the entire sole and heel of the shoe and a 5Ibs. ±0.5 ounce (2.270 grams ±14grams) weighted metal electrode with a contact diameter of 205 inches ±0.1 inch (63.5mm±2.5mm)
The power supply is connected in series with the resistance, ammeter, electrodes and sample. The voltmeter is connected to the electrodes to measure the voltage across the test sample (see figure 9).
The resistance, R. in ohms is calculated with ohms law using the voltage, V, across the test sample in volts and the current, 1, through the test sample in amperes. 
R=V/IThe described apparatus is representative of circuits that used to measure the conductive range resistance of a shoe. Other resistance measuring circuits or devices may be used if they meet the voltage specifications of the circuit if figure 9.
3.5.2.3 procedures. The weight electrode shall be placed inside the shoe at the heel section. The reading for resistance shall be taken after applying the voltage and holding it not longer than 30 seconds.
3.5.3 test results. Conductive protective footwear shall meet the minimum test requirements given in 3.5.1.1.
3.5.4 referee apparatus. In the event of a dispute, the parties involved shall use the test apparatus as specified in 3.5.2.2.
3.6 identification. The identification of conductive protective footwear shall be as specified in 1.5. No change or substitution is permissible.4. Electrical hazard footwear Protective footwear constructed or manufactured with electrical insulation properties in the soles and heels.4.1 General 4.1.1 scope. Section 4 contains requirements for protective footwear constructed or manufactured with electrical hazard soles and heels (non-conductive electric shock resistance soles and heel) and are intended to provide a SECONDARY SOURCE OF PROTECTION against accidental contact with live electrical circuits, electrically energized conductors, parts or apparatus under dry conditions. 4.1.2 purpose. The purpose of this protective footwear is to reduce the hazards due to accidental contact with live electrical, electrically energized conductors, parts or apparatus. Protective footwear constructed or manufactured with electrical hazard soles and heels (electrical shock resistance soles and heels )is not intended for wear in those work environments where volatile chemicals or explosives may be present where section 3 conductive footwear is required.
Warning: the electrical hazard features of this protective footwear, manufactured with electrical hazard soles and heels, will deteriorate in wet environments and when worm with excessive wear on the soles and heels.
4.2 General requirements
4.2.1 protective footwear constructed or manufactured with electrical hazard soles and heels (electric shock resistance soles and heels described in this section shall first comply with the requirements of section 1 General requirements for all types of protective footwear, the construction shall provide a sole assembly that assures prolonged insulation against electrical current when specified in 4.4.
4.2.2 the construction of footwear provided with electrical hazard soles and heels (electric shock resistance soles and heels) shall have a sole and heel with an outer surface which is NOT penetrated by electrically conductive components, parts or conductive material.
4.2.3 metal eyelets, sole puncture resistance protective device or metal shanks required of protective footwear as stipulated in section 5 sole puncture resistance footwear, if so specified, can be integral components of protective footwear constructed or manufactured with electrical hazard soles and heels (electrical shock resistance soles and heels).
4.2.4 a protective toe cap shall be incorporated into the footwear during construction and shall be an integral part of the footwear.
4.3 material and workmanship
Uppers and insole. The uppers and insoles shall be of suitable material.
4.3.2 outsole and heels. The outsole and heel shall be of a suitable material that shall meet the requirements of 4.4.
4.4 electrical properties. Protective footwear constructed or manufactured with electrical hazard soles and heels (electric shock resistance soles and heels) shall be capable of withstanding the application of 14,000 volts (root mean square [rms] value) at 60hz for 1 minute with no current flow or leakage current in excess of 3.0 milliamperes, under dry conditions, test equipment (apparatus) and procedures must be used as specified in 4.4.1.2and 4.4.1.3.
4.4.1 voltage withstand and current leakage test.
The following test is to be conducted to determine conformity with the requirements of 4.4.
4.4.1.1 test specimens. Each sample unit for test shall consist of a single specimen of any size representing the product category to be tested and selected at random from stock. The sample unit shall be one shoe, and the sample shall be as follows:   Lot size (Per product category)      Number of shoes

 800or less                      2

 801 or 22,000                   3

22,001 and over                   5

4.4.1.2 apparatus. A0.5 kVA (500-VA) transformer, or larger. Shall be used, and the impedance value of the measuring system not exceed 280,000 ohms.
4.4.1.3procedures
4.4.1.3.1 test equipment. The inner boot electrode shall consist of .117 inches (3mm) solid metal spheres, such as BB shot, placed inside the footwear to be tested, covering the entire inner sole surface of the footwear to a depth not less than 1.181 inches (30mm). The outer electrode shall  consist of a meter mesh (fire screen ) mounted with moderate tension by spring loading so as to support the weight of the footwear when the footwear contains the metal spheres (see figure 10).
The voltage shall be measured by a method that gives correct effective values of the voltage actually applied to the test specimen (e.g., a voltmeter used in conjunction with a calibrate instrument potential transformer connected directly across the high voltage circuit). The current shall be measured with an AC ammeter, or an equivalent noninductive shunt and a voltmeter, connected in series with the specimen.
Important safety note: extreme care must be used when operating the described test apparatus. Human contact with any part of the circuit could be lethal. Only qualified operators in appropriate high voltage safety precautions should set up or use the described apparatus.
Test procedure. The inner electrode shall be maintained at ground potential. The test voltage shall be applied to be the outer electrode at a low level (near zero volts) and steadily raised at a maximum rate of rise 1 kilovolts/second unit the prescribed test voltage is reached. This voltage shall be maintained for 1 minute.
4.4.2 test results. All shoes shall meet the minimum test requirements given in 4.5 identification. The identification of electrical hazard protective footwear shall be as specified in 1.5. No change or substitution is permissible.
5.        Sole puncture resistant protective footwear
5.1  General
5.1.1        scope. Section 5 covers the requirements for the puncture resistance protective footwear.
5.1.2        Purpose. The purpose of this requirement of injury caused by sharp objects that may penetrate the sole of protective  footwear.
5.2  General requirements
5.2.1        The footwear shall inched a sole puncture resistance protective that will provide protection against puncture wounds to the sole of the human foot for the life of the footwear.
5.2.2        Sole puncture resistance footwear shall comply with section 1 of this standard.
5.2.3        This standard does not consider the use of after market separate plate inserts as an acceptable means of providing adequate protection under ANSI Z441 –1999 sole puncture resistant protective devices must be an integral part of the protective footwear and must be constructed and manufactured into the sole during the manufacturing process.
5.3  Protective device requirements
5.3.1        Configuration requirement. The sole puncture resistance protective device shall cover the maximum area of the insole allowed by the construction of the footwear including the heel area.
5.3.2        Test specimens. Three pair of specimens of random sizes of the sole puncture resistant protective device to be incorporated in the footwear shall be tested as separate items. And shall withstand a minimum force on each device of not less than 270 pounds (1,200N) to penetration (for each test) when tested in accordance with 5.4.
5.3.3        Corrosion resistance. Sole puncture resistance protective devices which ate manufactured of metal shall be subjected to the following test procedures. Three pair of specimens of random sizes of the sole puncture resistance protective tive devices shall be tested as separate items and shall no sign of corrosion after being exposed to a 5-percent salt for a minimum of 24 hour. Testing shall be done in accordance with ASTM (American society for testing materials) standard method of salt spray (fog) testing designation B117-95.
5.3.4        Flexing requirements. Three pair of specimens of random sizes shall be tested and shall show no signs cracking after being subjected to million (1.5×10⁶ ) flexes when tested in accordance with 5.5.4.
5.4  Testing (puncture)
5.4.1        Apparatus. Testing for resistance to penetration shall be preformed no a testing machine having a moveable platform capable of controlling travel, either horizontally, the moveable platform shall befitted with a fixed steel test pin with approximately 1 inch of the pointed end exposed
(the test apparatus is shown in figure 11 and the steel pin is shown in figure 12.) The test pin shall be manufactured from AISI-SAE5 standard 01 tool steel, having hardness in the range of Rockwell C52 to Rockwell C56. Each pin shall be limited to maximum of 200 tests. A 0.75-inch (19.1mm) (nominal) think female block shall have a 0.50 inch (12.7mm) (nominal) diameter hole to allow free passage of the pin as it penetrates through the sole puncture resistance protective device during the test.
5.4.2        procedure .a minimum of three tests shall be made no each sole puncture resistant protective device being tested. Penetration shall be at least 1 inch (25.4mm) from the edge of the sample and at least 1 inch (25.4mm) apart. The reading taken shall be at the peak of force when the point of the pin penetrates the sample.
5.4.3         Crosshead travel rate. The rate of crosshead travel shall be 393inches ±0.393 inches per minute.
5.5 testing (flexing)
5.5.1 equipment. Flexing apparatus shall comprise of a reciprocating guide bar, to move the free end of the insert through a specified distance at a defined rate, and a clamping device consisting of two elastic interlopers.150 inch (4mm) think, and of a shore A hardness of 75±5,with two metal clamping plate at least 5.118inches (130.mm) wide. The clamping plates shall be clamped on either side with two standard 1/4-20(threads per inch) (6mm) bolts with a nut and lock washer combination.
The clamping plate bolts shall be torqued to 22 to 26 in.-lb or equivalent clamping pressure. In the zero position the guide bar shall be at a distance of 2.75±0.394 inch 70±1mm from the clamping plates (see figure 13a)
In order to accommodate all sizes of sole puncture resistance protective devices, the flexing line may be shifted by up to 0.394 inch (10mm) in the direction of the heel (shaded region in figure 13b).
Note: Dimensions are in inches (millimeter)
With the permission of CSA international, material is reproduced from CSA standard CAN/CSA-Z195-M92,
Protective footwear, which is copyrighted by CSA international, 178Rexdale, Boulevard, Etobicke Ontario, M9W1R3. While use this material has been authorized. CSA international shall not be responsible for the manner in which the information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof.
5.5.2 Determination of the flexing line. The insert shall be laid with its inner edge against a plane surface so that the edge of the insert contacts the surface at the joint and heel regions, referred to as base line in figure 13b. From the point of tangency at the joint area, a perpendicular line shall be drawn across the surface of the sole puncture resistant protective, the line is the flexing line along which the sole puncture resistant protective device shall be clamped (see figure 13a).
5.5.3 preparation of test specimen. The heel part of the sole puncture resistant protective device shall be cut off at a distance of 3.543 inches (90mm) from the flexing line as determined in par. 5.5.2(see figure 13b).
5.5.4 test procedure (flexing). The test specimen shall be flexed at a rate of 16±1 cycles per second by moving the guide bar to a height of 1.30inches ±0.13 inches per minute (33mm) measured vertically above the zero position. The guide rail shall be adjusted in the case of formed sole puncture resistant protective to suit the specimen angle. Once adjusted, the flexing height of 1.30inches ±0.13inches per minute (33mm) should also be maintained vertically above the set sole angle.
5.5.5 sole puncture resistant protective device flexing. When tested in accordance with the method described in section 5.5.4, the sole puncture resistant protective shall show no visible signs of cracking after it has been subjected to 1.5 million (1.5×10⁶)flexes. A failure rate of 0 out three pair of samples tested shall be acceptable.
5.6identification &marking –sole puncture resistant protective device. Each pair of sole puncture resistant protective devices shall bear the following information permanently stamped or marked in a conspicuous location:
 ^‧．Manufacturer’s name, trade name and/or logo
 Month and year of manufacture
5.7 identification. The identification of puncture protective shall be as specified in 1.5 no change or substitution is permissible.
6 static dissipative footwear
6.1 General
6.1.1 scope. Section 6 provides specification requirements and methods of test for static dissipative (SD) footwear.
6.1.2 purposes. The purposes of the requirements of this section are to:
(1)   Define static dissipative footwear. Static dissipative (SD) protective footwear shall be defined as footwear having a resistance between 10⁵and 10⁹ohms as tested under section 6.5.
(2)   Provide protection for the wearer of static dissipative (SD) protective footwear against electrical hazards due to excessively low footwear resistance that may exist where SD footwear is required.
6.2 classification
6.2.1 static dissipative (SD) footwear as classified herein are designed to reduce the accumulation of excess static electricity by conducting body charge to ground while maintaining a sufficiently high level of resistance to protect the wearer from electrical hazard due to live electrical circuits.
6.2.2 static dissipative protective footwear.
This type shall be of two classifications within the range of 10⁵ohms to ohms, designate type I and type II.
6.2.2.1 SD type I and SD type II footwear. Both types shall have a lower limit of resistance of 10⁶ ohms (1 megohm) to maintain to a sufficiently high level of resistance to protect the wearer from electrical of resistance to protect the wearer from electrical hazard.
6.2.2.2 SD type I footwear. The electrical resistance will not exceed 10⁸ohms (100megohms), which is generally considered acceptable for semiconductor applications.
6.2.2.3 SD type II footwear. The electrical resistance will exceed 10⁹ohms (1,000 megohms), which has application in work environments less demanding than SD type I.
6.3 General requirements.
6.3.1 static dissipative footwear shall first meet the requirements of section 6.3.2 type I and type II static dissipative footwear shall be of any construction that facilitates a consistent path of resistance.
6.4 materials and workmanship. Shall be any combination of materials facilitate the performance requirements stated in this section. It is recognized that some hygroscopic materials (suchas, but not limited to leather) may fluctuate and not maintain a specified minimum or maximum level of resistance as required in this section.
6.4.2 no exposed nails may be used in the construction of SD footwear.
6.5 method of test for electrical resistance of protective footwear
6.5.1 test specimens. The specimens for testing shall consist of pairs of any size of unworn shoes, representing the product categories to be tested and selected at random from stock. The specimens are to be placed in a controlled atmospheres at 70°±2℉(21.1 °±1.1℃) and 50 percent ±2percent relative humidity for 24hour  or more prior to measurement. The sample specimen shall be one pair of shoes and the sample size shall be as follows:Lot size  (Per product category)    Number of pairs

     800 or less               2

    801 to 22,00               3

    22,001 and over            5

6.5.2 Apparatus. The resistance of footwear to ground, as worn by a person, is measured with an electric circuit or device that has sufficient current limitation to present electric shock should the person present a low resistance path to ground (see figure 14). During the test, the person stands on a stainless steel ground plate with an area that is able to accommodate the entire heel and sole of both specimens. The apparatus supplies a dcvoltage between 25 and 50 volts for shies that are static dissipative (shoe resistance between 10⁶and 10⁹ohms).
The described apparatus is representative of circuits that are safe to use with human test subjects. Other resistance measuring circuits or devices may be used if they meet the above voltage and safety requirements. The fixed 50 volts potential is supplied by a power supply that is currently limited to five milliamperes for shock protection should the voltmeter or reference resistor Re fail. The voltmeter displays three significant or more on all measurements. The voltmeter and have a combined parallel resistance Rp of nominal one megohm. Hand contact is made to a conducting rod or clip of convenient size that produces good body contact in keeping with the resistance requirements of section 6.5.3. The equation to calculate the specimen’s resistance Rs with the above circuit is:
     50-V

R=                Rp

        V

6.5.3 procedures. The human test subject is tested initially to show a resistance path from the hand directly through the socks or stockings to ground of 100,000 ohms or less. The specimens are fitted to the test subject in pairs and, after a nominal time period of five minutes elapses, are measured for resistance. Record a measurement for the right foot, left foot, and the pair of shoes tested .
6.5.4 test results. Type I footwear shall meet the minimum test requirements given in sections 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2 and type II footwear shall meet the minimum test requirements of 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.3.
6.5.5 referee apparatus. In the event of a dispute, the parties involved use the same test apparatus as specified in 6.5.2.
6.6Identification. The identification of static dissipative protective footwear shall be as specified in 1.5. No change or substitution is permissible.
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